Impact of Foreign Banks on Banking in Emerging Economies Essay

Increased technology and innovation International banking in emerging–market have some advantages from the technology and innovation. The advanced technology and innovation system could even surpass the conventional technology and innovation. For example, they could improve productivity, increase in market and increase the competition and so on . Innovations in customer experience and superior customer service delivery, network integration. (Infosys 2000). For example, the internet and computer system have a useful communication system to connect the consumer and bank. In daily life, customer often use the mobile phone, computer transfer the money. At the same time, innovation and technology is a lower cost of the banking system in the emerging market. The increased technology and innovation in emerging market may help the banking system make a clear communication for their employee, shareholder and consumer. As a result, banks in emerging markets are leapfrogging their rich-world rivals in efficiency, technolog y and innovation (special report international banking 2011). Increased liquidity and solvency Comparing with the local banking system, the foreign banks on banking in emerging market have different kind of comparative advantage. The reason is emerging market allow foreign bank entry to local market. This is lead to the higher liquidity and solvency. Foreign direct investment is a useful fund source for local market. At the same time, the foreign banks also have important roles which represent a borrower. For example, foreign banks have an enough capital base and asset. Foreign banks have played a major role in financing emerging market (EMEs) in recent year. Increased liquidity and solvency has helped emerging markets to develop their economies and allocate capital and financial know-how efficiently across countries (Agustà ­n Villar ) Disadvantage Complex global policies and challenges international banking There are some negative factors occur in global banks in emerging economies. One of the important factors is complex global policies. For example, the foreign banks are an extension of parent bank which sent to managers to overseas. Different banking system has different policies. Meanwhile, the government also comes up with stricter policies. As a result, foreign banks should face a lot of complicated policies in emerging market. The collapse of Barings was a demonstration of how different countries’ supervisors are failing to communicate with each other.( the economist 1997). This opinion shows that the international banking in emerging market should have a closer supervisor.

Individual Analysis of Hamlet; Act 4, Scene 7

Individual Analysis Hamlet; Act 4, Scene 7 Steven Roach Friday, November 16, 2012 A Freudian angle of (4. 7 135 – 145) and (4. 7 9 – 21) Throughout the scene Claudius depicts a personality that evaluates situations and makes choices out of desire without much concern for consequence. Although Claudius does show a little bit of concern for consequence, he generally acts from an â€Å"inner-child† psyche. In the scene, Claudius plots with Laertes and acts quickly out of a sense of DESIRE and makes a plan to kill Hamlet.Demonstrated in the lines; â€Å"A sword unbated, and in a pass of practice, Requite him for your father. † (4. 7. 137 – 140) And â€Å"I will do’t. And for that purpose I’ll anoint my sword. I bought unction of a mountebank, So mortal that, but dip a knife in it, Where it draws blood no cataplasm so rare, Collected from all simples that have virtue Under the moon, can save the thing from death That is but scratched witha l. I’ll touch my point With this contagion, that if I gall him slightly It may be death. † (4. 7. 140 – 145).In these lines, Claudius and Laertes plan to kill hamlet by sharpening a fencing blade and dousing it with a poison that will cripple upon contact. This is clearly a representation of a psyche that acts rapidly out of an intense sense of desire. Although Claudius will often display act from a sense of the â€Å"ID† or â€Å"inner-child†, he also demonstrates, albeit relatively minimal compared to the previous example, a concern for consequence. In the beginning of the scene, he explains to Laertes his reasoning for not prosecuting Hamlet for the death of Polonius, Laertes’ father.Depicted in the lines; â€Å"Oh, for two special reasons, Which may to you perhaps seem much unsinewed, But yet to me they are strong. The queen his mother Lives almost by his looks, and for myself— My virtue or my plague, be it either which— Sh e’s so conjunctive to my life and soul, That, as the star moves not but in his sphere, I could not but by her. The other motive Why to a public count I might not go, Is the great love the general gender bear him, Who, dipping all his faults in their affection, Would, like the spring that turneth wood to stone, Convert his gyves to graces† (4. 9 – 21). Claudius claims that because of the fact that his mother is completely devoted to him, and the idea that the general public loves him so much; the prosecution would end up hurting him more than it would Hamlet. He cannot live without Hamlets mother, so he cannot make the prosecution. Claudius displays a small fraction of his psyche that acts as the â€Å"super-ego† and evaluates situations based upon the consequential outcome.

CONSTITUTIONAL Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CONSTITUTIONAL - Term Paper Example The argument currently focus on changing the appointment criteria, composition and functioning method of the chamber. Some changes have been made but still there are major issue to be reformed in order to make the house more presentable. â€Å"The attempt to make changes in the house have never been successful due to the conflicts and debates existing among the political members†(Carmichael,1999)Initiative efforts from Labour government in 1968 proved to be a failure due to their radical nature and after that no actions were taken till 1997.Recent actions are towards the establishment of Independent commission for the appointment of members who are not from any party. Removal of hereditary peers is the main focus of the reform which is to be taking place in the near future. â€Å" Thus, the latest reform initiatives remain not only incomplete but contentious, and an ongoing, dynamic aspect of the political debate that is taking place in Britain today†(Robertson,2009) Th e peers in the house attend the house without any intention of taking interest in the political or internal issue of the country. They treat the house a s place of leisure activity and attend with least attentiveness and concern. The number of peers in the house should be minimized in order to reduce the cost of maintaining the house and congestion in the space. Since there are enormous number of members from house of commons who are more or less inactive ,abolishing of peers can bring in some positive changes. Many of them take allowances for attending the house and enjoy other priviliges for no serious reasons. It would be very useful for the country if the peerage system is abolished and new productive members are allowed to join the house of lords. Answer to question two In the UK the Executive otherwise the government has the right on making and implementing policies and laws in order to take care of the issue concerning the country. Parliament and government take active part i n formulating the laws of England. They being separate bodies, have to work hand in hand for the welfare of the country. â€Å" Parliament is the highest legislative authority in the UK. It has responsibility for checking the work of government and examining, debating and approving new laws. It is also known as the Legislature†(parliament). An MP can be a party member but this does not imply that they are operate in the government .Since the Executive and Parliament work together ,it can be very well said that the scrutiny of the government is one the six important functions of the House of Commons. The MPs have the obligation of attending the House of commons everyday and debate on policies, bills and issues It is a common fact that the MPs mostly disagree to the government policies and there exists an unequal power struggle between the MPs and Executive. But seeing the practice of House of commons which is very weak it cannot be agreeable to say that the scrutiny of governm ent illustrates the disparities between the MP and executive. â€Å"The lack of power of backbenchers in determining what the House debated and in controlling the House’s activities was a source of frustration during the last Parliament.  (Parliamnent) The House of Commons perform scrutiny by means of â€Å"Question time† which gives chance for each member to ask questions to the cabinet ministers and Prime minister. But this is activity is not efficient enough to evaluate the

Constraints to the Development of Alternative Energy Essay

Constraints to the Development of Alternative Energy - Essay Example The cause of the problem has already been identified: the increase in the emission of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons. Both the absence and increased volume of greenhouse gases are seen to be detrimental to the environment as less of it might cause negative temperature which disallows the earth to sustain life. On the other hand, increased volume of greenhouse gases is the primary source of global warming. Some greenhouse gases are emitted as a byproduct of some materials with significant use to our everyday life. The example of this is carbon. Energy sources are of paramount importance to our daily life. Since the industrial revolution, we have relied heavily on energy to run our transportation and communication and many other aspects of our needs and wants. For commercial purposes, the use of energy has been significant especially in terms of firms’ profit. It was also â€Å"the process of industrialisation that brought about the conversion of fossil fuels into power, heat and light, thereby releasing within a mere 250 years carbon that had lain dormant underground for millions of years†. â€Å"It is these fossil fuels that are responsible for the vast bulk of carbon output† â€Å"Fossil fuels, the energy of modernization, which constitute about 70 percent of global energy output, now threaten the survival of life on Earth† and people believe that â€Å"the key to survival lies in conserving energy and switching to carbon-free or, at least, low carbon sources†. ... On the other hand, increased volume of greenhouse gases is the primary source of global warming. Some greenhouse gases are emitted as byproduct of some materials with significant use to our everyday life. Example of this is carbon. Energy sources are of paramount importance to our daily life. Since the industrial revolution, we have relied heavily on energy to run our transportation and communication and many other aspects of our needs and wants. For commercial purposes, the use of energy has been significant especially in terms of firms' profit. It was also "the process of industrialization that brought about the conversion of fossil fuels into power, heat and light, thereby releasing within a mere 250 years carbon that had lain dormant underground for millions of years" (Blowers, p.208). "It is these fossil fuels that are responsible for the vast bulk of carbon output" (Blowers, p.210) "Fossil fuels, the energy of modernization, which constitute about 70 per cent of global energy output, now threaten the survival of life on Earth" and people believe that "the key to survival lies in conserving energy and switching to carbon free or, at least, low carbon sources" (Blowers, p.209). Two Approaches The government has two approaches against climate change: mitigation which is prevention of further changes and adaptation which is preparation for the possible effects of climate change. In this paper we would be dealing with the mitigation approach particularly the development of alternative sources of energy. "Mitigation strategies involve the reduction of greenhouse gas sources or the enhancement of sinks. Examples of mitigation strategies include switching from fossil fuels to alternative energy sources, improved energy efficiency and planting trees to

Movie the Italian Job (2003) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Movie the Italian Job (2003) - Essay Example The job was always successful without a drawback until one of the group member Steve (Edward Norton) gets greedy. He blows Bridger away, leaving the others for al fresco fish chow beneath an alpine lake. Only one person is more marked than Croker and that's the Bridger's daughter, safecracking specialist Stella (Charlize Theron). Still soggy, Croker and the lads return to LA where they enlist her services to take back the gold, and more importantly, stick it to Steve. According to Hamblin (2009), Charlie Crocker (Mark Wahlberg), and his group of thieves pulled off the crime of a lifetime by stealing a safe which was filled with gold bricks of thirty-five million dollars. But in this event, the thing that did not go according to his plan was the possibility of double cross by his own group members. And being cheated by his own group members his main aim was to take revenge of his mentor’s (Donald Sutherland) death. According to his review there are lots of similarities between the movies of 1969 and 2003. Both the characters Charlie Crocker and John Bridger are from the original movie of 1969. In a few cases the action scenes of this movie with three minis are same as the old one. There are similarities were in the moves used in the fights, such as traffic jams as well as in case of chases in a drain. (Hamblin, 2009, 290). The movie The Italian Job of 2003 is a smart funny movie with full of entertainment. Between the action scenes featuring wild boat rides through the canals of Venice, chase scenes involving the coolest little cars on wheels, and an intricately planned act of revenge lies a film filled with some great dialogue and smart acting by all the actors. According to Murray (nd), the movie starts off with a good and highly educated group of thieves pulling off the perfect heist, stealing huge amounts of gold from a strict guarded place in Venice. Till that point, everything was according to the plan, but one group pulls a double cross and therefo re taking out John Bridger (Donald Sutherland), and brains behind the entire group, forced to split up the group vows revenge on traitor Steve (Edward Norton). According to him the movie, takes off on a riotous ride over and under Downtown Los Angeles. The most important point associated with this film that stand out from the standard heist film of 1969, is mainly the attractive choice of casting of the movie, to match the character with actor for even the most minor player. â€Å"The Italian Job† works because all of the actors are totally believable. According to the report published in BBC by Stella Papmichael, the main difference with this movie and the original movie is adds wallop lacking in the original version. In the new movie the revenge adds wallop which is occasionally destabilized by Mark Wahlberg's cosmic anti-presence. In this new version of the movie, Charlize Theron is the key behind driving this movie forward , taking the wheel with quiet confidence. Accordi ng to Papmichael, It's just a shame the flirty cat-and-mouse game between Stella and Steve heads up a cul-de-sac to give way for Croker..The culminating 'big job', with a trio of Mini Coopers incongruously zipping through LA gridlock, has all the audacious mischief of its progenitor. The difference is you don't have to endure an hour of dull cockney banter

Managing Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Project - Essay Example b) Activity Q is completed 1 day before schedule Q is completed 1 day before schedule. In such an event, the project would be completed in 61 instead of 62 days. c) A 1-day delay during activity N. A period of 1 day delay during activity N would not affect the completion of the project as it is not within the ambit of the critical path. 6) Importance of network diagrams: Network diagram is a diagrammatical representation of different types of activities of a project. Various nodes in the diagram represent the different activities. "It should also be appreciated that model output is not necessarily an end in itself but may be an input for assessing the impact of changes in economic, social and ecological terms." (Environmental Impact Assessment of Irrigation and Drainage Projects: Mathematical Modelling). The network diagram is a management tool for assessing the path the various activities of a project needs to follow and what is the maximum period and length it would take. Based upon the network diagram, management could work out the time, costs, manpower requirements and resources mapping needed for executing the project with utmost efficiency and minimum costs. "However, the project's duration is equally calculated by determining the longest possible path through the project network." (Gantt Charts and Network Diagrams. 2008). The two frequently used network diagrams are Programme Evaluation Review Techniques (PERT)and Critical Path Method (CPM). Normally, PERT and CPM are used when the activities are multivariate, intricate, and heavy industries where the activities are numerous and risks factors high, It is a brainchild of strategic military usage but is now being extensively used in nuclear installations, missile launching and other high..."However, the project's duration is equally calculated by determining the longest possible path through the project network." (Gantt Charts and Network Diagrams. 2008). The two frequently used network diagrams are Programme Evaluation Review Techniques (PERT)and Critical Path Method (CPM). Normally, PERT and CPM are used when the activities are multivariate, intricate, and heavy industries where the activities are numerous and risks factors high, It is a brainchild of strategic military usage but is now being extensively used in nuclear installations, missile launching and other high technological areas. One of the most important features of a network diagram is that it can be used to determine the critical path, or the path, including all the probable variables of the project, which requires the attention of top management. Network diagrams are very much useful to determine the float, or slack in different activities which can be used by the top management to reschedule purchase, use of labour and other costs when necessary. Therefore one of the most notable features of a network diagram is that it can be used to reduce cost of project.

Has the quality of global news improved over the past 20 years Essay

Has the quality of global news improved over the past 20 years - Essay Example The use of televisions had continued to increase but most of the under-developed countries still relied more on radios and newspapers. Still, journalism and mass communication is not as widespread as it is in developed countries. Like many other fields relating to different aspects of our lives, technology has deeply influenced journalism and mass communication. The processes of producing news and delivery of information have become much quicker. News can reach everywhere with much more accuracy. The quality of radio, television and newspapers has improved greatly. The impact of technology has helped journalism to become a more professional field. The news reporters and editors have now to perform at a certain standard. In the early 90s, the performance standards had developed but still a lot of editors and reporters were more inclined to join hands in propaganda to spread a particular point of view or a political party. The USSR had fallen by then but biggest examples of such news r eporting can be found in the cold war during which many reporters had the objective of asserting one ideology and renounce another i.e. capitalism and communism. Such mindset made the editors and reporters refrain from telling the whole story. As the Internet has now joined the news industry, it is very hard to hide or avoid a piece of news. It is because the Internet is probably the quickest of all means of promulgating news and anyone can report any news to the world now. Previously, there used to be a competition among journalists only due to which only the journalists got most of the stories or â€Å"scoops†. The journalists had the liberty to spread only that portion of the news that they wanted to spread. Journalism and mass communication used to be a closed society to which only those belonged who had the funds to own a printing press or were closely related in some other capacity to one who belonged to that society. Mostly during the last 10 years, the Internet has be come very widespread and the cost of reporting news is at the minimum level. Now even the minorities can join the field of journalism as it has become an open society. The general public has access to electronic devices which are portable and can take pictures and videos. These pictures and videos can be posted on the Internet at almost no cost. Therefore, for professional journalists, omission of news has become out of the question. The recent US presidential campaigns used mass internet campaigning which curtailed the influence of the journalists manifold. Journalists have often been used as mediums to convey a political message to the public. Mass internet campaigning seeks to cut out this medium and make the conveying of message more direct and at a lesser cost. This trend has been set by Obama and is followed and likely to be followed by other political parties all over the world. It can be said that the introduction of the Internet has made everyone a journalist. Through blogs , forums and many other veritable devices, anyone can have their voices heard. In recent times, a Facebook fueled uprising led to a huge change in Egypt. It started out with one voice that ignited the inner voices of many others. Egypt was under a dictatorial rule for a long time and probably the biggest reason for that was the ability to the Government to silence the dissenting opinions and make the public hear only what it wanted it to hear. The Internet made it

Dangerousness and Dangerous Offenders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Dangerousness and Dangerous Offenders - Essay Example Dept. of Justice, & Canada. Health and Welfare Canada, 1984). Restrictive measures on the other hand refer to those practices that are employed by the various institutions in the criminal justice system to ensure sex offenders do not reoffend again after their conviction (Howitt, 1995). These aim at protecting the public from being offended and also monitoring the offenders not to reoffend. Some of the restrictive measures that are employed to manage these offenders include the use of sex offender registers, Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements, Circles of Support, and Accountability, use of approved premises, license conditions, prisons, situational crime prevention, and treatment of offenders (Marshall, Eccles & Barbaree, 1993). This paper will therefore examine the strength and weaknesses of these restrictive measures to protect the public from any sexual offence. It will further pay attention to the fairness and effectiveness of these approaches in protecting the public. This section will also explore the balance between human rights of the offenders and public protection bearing in mind that these offenders are also human beings and their rights ought to be protected as much as they deserve punishment for their offence (Rainey, 2013). To begin with, sex offender register is one of the restrictive measures aimed at protecting the public from sexual offence. It is a database containing records of those required to register with the police under the Sexual Offences Act 2003 (Welchans, 2005). This include individuals who have been jailed for more than 12 months for having committed violent offences an those who are likely to be at risk of offending. Upon initial registration, it is a requirement for the offenders to provide the police with the following information; their full names, date of birth, home address, passport details, bank details and the national insurance number. This register requires the offender to inform

A Comparative Analysis of Juvenile Crime In The United States And Thesis

A Comparative Analysis of Juvenile Crime In The United States And Japan - Thesis Example The primary purpose of the research is to ascertain differences and similarities in rates of juvenile offender recidivism in Japan and the United States. Crime historian Sir Leon Radzinowicz defines crime as â€Å"something that threatens serious harm to the community, or something generally believed to do so, or something committed with evil intent, or something forbidden in the interests of the most powerful sections of society† (as cited in Kornblum & Julian, p. 164). Juvenile crime is a grim reality in the United States and Japan. It appears that many of the young people in both countries have lost their sense of direction. Reports of violence, sexual deviation, theft, and drugs reflect social problems that are embedded in the youth. ‘In 2009, juvenile courts in the United States handled an estimated 1.5 million delinquency cases that involved juveniles charged with criminal law violations. Juvenile courts handled 30% more cases in 2009 than in 1985’ (OJJDP, 2012). The rise in crime can be contributed to a growing population to a certain extent. As the numbers mount, society is forced to realize just what the youth are capable of, and scrambling to find out why. Dealing with the negative constructs of crime largely is contingent on the beholder’s perspective of why crime occurs. Theories on crime causations include, but are not limited to, the following: social strain or inequality, biology, conflict, and culture. In addition, crime can be categorized by violent personal crimes, property crimes, occupational (white collar) crimes, corporate crimes, public-order crimes, conventional crimes, organized crimes and professional crimes (Kornblum & Julian, 1995). As a subset of crime, juvenile crime refers to crimes committed by underage people. Juvenile crime can include any of the aforementioned categories with the exception of corporate and white collar crime, which generally are

Better Than Essay Essay Example for Free

Better Than Essay Essay Education is one of the most important factors that determine where we go and succeed in life. While private schools have a limited acceptance rate, public schools by law are to accept all children. Public schools have a larger variety of subjects available than most private schools. There are many reasons why public schools are better than private schools. Even though attending a private school may seem luxurious and prestigious, the reasons why most people choose public schools over private schools is because it saves money, education is guaranteed, offers a variety of programs, teaches students responsibility and independence, and prepares individuals to be critical thinkers. A reason why most people believe that public schools are better than private schools is because there is no cost for school tuition. Public schools allow free education, which enables everyone to have the equal opportunity to be educated. Instead of paying thousands of dollars on education in a private school, most parents choose to save that money to pay for their child’s college tuition. Attending a private school can be very costly, for example Oaks Christian’s school tuition is approximately $30,000 a year. The cost of attending that school is just about the same price as attending a college or a university. There are families who struggle with the economy and are put under difficult financial situations. This makes it difficult for the parents to pay for their child’s high school and college. This is one of the greatest advantages about public schools. The main purpose of public schools is to educate everyone. In 2001, the United States Congress reauthorized the No Child Left Behind Act. This act included Title 1, which is the government’s aid program for the disadvantaged students. This act makes sure that no child is left behind from education. The act also requires the state to develop assessments in basics skill that is given to each child in different grade levels. There are multiple families who come from different countries that place t heir child into a public school. The child cannot be denied the right of education due to law and obtains the equal rights of education just like  everyone else. While most private schools have certain requirements for a child to be accepted into the school, public schools ensure that every student is given education. There are multiple programs for all different types of students who attend a public school. There are programs for children with specials needs and disabilities, which allows them to have opportunities like others. Sparkles, which is a national special needs cheerleading program offered at most public schools, allows those who are disabled to feel like they belong and are a part of the student body. However, at private schools they offer a limited number of classes available that one can take, while public schools have a wide range of classes that one can choose from. A great thing about public schools is that they offer different level courses, which allows students to challenge themselves and discover what they are capable of doing by going the extra mile. While in school, kids with special needs and disabilities have the opportunity to have teachers who can work with them individually and help them grow as a student as well as an individual. There are a number of programs such as Data, Honors, IB and AP classes that are available to students who are interested in challenging themselves academically. Public schools deliver real world surroundings with an environment that is much more diverse. Students are more prepared and have a sense of adult life in a public school setting. Most private school classes are small, which gives each child the individual attention they need. From prior experience, a teacher at a private school gives much more attention to students than needed. The guidance that they give towards the students are not particularly helping, but preventing one from taking responsibility and retaining independence. Teachers at a private school have a closer watch on their students’ day to day actions and are concerned with how students should act in a certain way. In public schools, kids are left to distinguish on what is right and wrong. This helps students become more mature young adults and requires students to take responsibility for their own actions. In public schools, students are exposed to greater ideas that allow them to be more creative. Public schools help students figure out who they are as a person individually. While attending a private school, there are certain requirements and standards on how a student should be. There are more strict rules and regulations, which keeps students away from obtaining  outside knowledge. There is not a great amount of creativity and everyone is expected to act and behave a certain way in a private school. Religion is one of the huge aspects that shape the school’s view. Everyone is expected to follow and obtain the same beliefs, whereas a public school, it is based on your point of view. While parents are paying for their child to obtain a greater education with much needed help and care, it is also hurting the child academically from gaining their own knowledge and independence. Due to a public school class size compared to a private school, students have teachers who are constantly available to help and assist each individual. Compared to a public school class, students in a private school class are being spoon-fed by teachers, who attempt to help students succeed but are actually not enabling students to think on their own. Even though public schools have a substantial amount of students compared to private schools, this allows students to be more exposed to the school environment and to be more critical thinkers. Later in your adult life, it is up to you to make wise decisions. No one is going to tell you what is wrong and right. Public and private schools are very discrete from each other. In life, everyone is faced with various obstacles that require making right decisions with a great sense of responsibility. With the exposure to a diverse community and place of creativity, it will help prepare you towards your road to success and to become a critical thinker in the future. These are reasons to consider why attending a public school is so much better than a private school. It teaches you to have self-determination and to become a successful individual.

Characteristics In Autism Children Psychology Essay

Characteristics In Autism Children Psychology Essay Approximately one in every 88 children in the United States has been diagnosed with Autism, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder, a complex neurodevelopmental disorder of unusual social and communication behaviors that begins in early life (Peterson and Barbel, 2013). This type of disorder has been more prevalent in recent years, occurring primarily in children. Even though many researchers have not yet found the exact cause of autism, they have pointed out several possible risk factors that contribute to autistic individuals. Without a specified cause of autism and universal intervention, the challenges of diagnosing and having care for the disorder causes more difficulty. However, it is important for parents to seek early intervention for children with autism. This causes many controversies and confusions from diagnosis to treatment. Yet, it is expected that new research will assist in discovering some of these mysteries aspects of autism. Characteristics in Autism Children with autism show a wide range of signs and symptoms that vary from child to child. It is difficult to phrase all the characteristics and signs into simple words. Characteristics found in autistic children have appeared in early ages, from toddlers to infants. However, they may improve overtime as the child develops. A study has been designed to assess the parents experiences regarding with their autistic child, and the majority of the parents said that the autistic child experiences unusual verbal communications and motor behavior (Guinchat et al, 2012). Additional core symptoms are unusual interests in activities or play (usually focus on little things of the toy, get upset at little things), nonverbal/ verbal communication (unable to interpret emotions, catch meaning in a word, delay or lack of communication skills), and social interactions and relationships (unable to make eye contact, make friends, feel what other people are feeling). This research was done to help docto rs to easily diagnose patients that are at risk of autism. However, this is a spectrum disorder, meaning that this affects each individual to a certain degree, ranging from mild to severe. Each child with ASD has his or her own individual pattern of unusual behavior that some parents questioned, what is wrong with their child. As a result, it is suggested that early detection of autism is up the parents and will make a huge difference on the childs life. Risk factors Many individuals questioned the cause of autism, but the question has remained open. The biggest mystery in the study of autism appears that researchers have linked possible risk factors. Autism diagnosis suggested that a combination of environmental and genetic risk factors contribute to higher chances of autism (Deth, Muratore, Benecry, Power-Charnitsky and Waly, 2008). Exposure to toxins or pollution, such as pesticides in the environment generates an increased chance of autism during pregnancy, and those toxins surrounds a genes DNA can affects the gene activity (Shelton, Hertz-Picciotto and Pessah, 2012). In addition, another study has shown that genetics influences the risk of autism; gene mutations and sex chromosomes are linked to ASD. Medical conditions with syndromes such as Fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis have shown signs of autism characteristics, but further research is still needed to prove this point (Johnson, Giarelli, Lewis, and Rice, 2013). Although much research has been conducted to build this mysterious case, researchers have yet to come up with a definite conclusion to the cause of autism. There are also controversial claims that mirror neurons are found to be delayed or dysfunctional in autism, but there is no evidence that mirror neurons in humans illustrate that correlation. Giacomo Rizzolatii, a scientist at the University of Parma, discovered mirror neurons in macaque monkeys; when the monkey observes an action from an individual, the monkey copies the same action (2004). He believes that humans behave in much the same way. The role of mirror neurons give us the ability to imitate, have empathy, and ability to understand social cues. According to an article in the Journal of Psychiatric Neuroscience and Therapeutic (2010), most children develop strong mirror activity while autistic individuals seem to have weak mirror neurons in their youth that lead to social deficits (Bastiaansen et al). However, other studies did not find mirror neuron contribute to the autistic individuals. IIan Dinstein and his colleagues doubted the mirror neuron hypothesis. His research fou nd that when the brains were scanned, there were no differences between autistic and normal individuals while the individuals performed specific tasks (Dinstein et al, 2010). Some studies show that autistic individuals mirror neurons are slower than usual while viewing the emotions or actions of others while other studies do not (Ramachandran, 2006). Due to the opposing conclusions of different studies with regard to the mirror neuron hypothesis, the link between mirror neurons and autism remains controversial. Early Intervention Evidence suggests the importance of early intervention in autistic children. Children who enter programs at younger ages will improve autism symptoms than those who enter programs at older ages. One approach to the early invention is the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM). According to the article in Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry (2012), autistic children who received the ESDM intervention, which involves structured teaching, a relationship-based approach, showed substantial improvements in IQ, language, adaptive behavior, and autism diagnosis (Guinchat et al). Second approach to the early intervention is the Applied Behavior Analysis Programs, most notable treatment approach. This approach maximizes the encouragement of positive behaviors while discouraging negative behavior in order to improve a variety of skills (Matson et al, 2012). Another approach is the therapy-based intervention. This approach provides a specific therapy that targets specific di fficulties such as speech/language therapy, physical therapy, and occupational therapy. There are many kinds of interventions that can help to treat autism, and parents should take action as soon as possible, even if his or her child is not at risk of autism. Geraldine Dawson, Ph.D., a chief science officer of Autism Speak, suggested that even brief intervention will result in better improvements of social behavior such as imitation and small changes due to early preschool program will give some benefits to young children with autism (2012). Also, encouraging the child to play with objects and communication is important in early development. That being said, imitating others will help improve other aspects of autism. An example of how early intervention is involved is my little cousin, Conner. I did not understand the characteristics of autism before doing this research paper. Every time we had family gatherings and I tried to acknowledge him, he would run away in fear toward a nonfamily member. I stepped aside and asked his mother what his problem was. She told me he is diagnosed with autism and has some difficulties approaching other people. As I observed, he looked normal. The nonfamily member is a behavioral intervention specialist, also known as his nanny, who watches over him. He would not interact with the other little cousins, but only with his nanny. According to his mother, he was not able to be accepted into day care due to his special needs. He is the only family member that is autistic. Conclusion Overall, doing a research paper on this topic led me to determine that autism is an extremely difficult disorder to understand. This topic on autism will evolve over time and further research will be conducted with the aim of discovery of the causes and proper treatment. The biological aspect of the disorder is a mystery. Continued research on the development of the autistic child relative to a normal child will assist in diagnosing and treating. With the help of diagnosis, we can develop proper early intervention techniques to positively reduce the disorders effects. There are many research ventures that are being done concerning this disorder. The purpose of this research for future is to enhance awareness to parents about their early child that maybe at the risk of autism. Additionally, they can seek characteristics followed by early intervention that will help easily diagnosis and treat.

Sir William Wallace :: essays research papers

When the king of Scotland died without an heir to the throne the nephew of the king also the king of England nicknamed Edward the Longshanks (Edward I) took the throne for himself and complete control of Scotland. William WallWhen the king of Scotland died without an heir to the throne the nephew of the king also the king of England nicknamed Edward the Longshanks (Edward I) took the throne for himself and complete control of Scotland. William Wallace was Born in January of the year 1272. He was the second of three sons. He was born in the town of Elerslie, which was in Scotland. His Father Sir Malcolm Wallace held the title of knight but had little to no political power. Wallace's Father was involved in a revolt called Turnberry Band when William was 14 years old and was sent to live with his uncle Argile. His Uncle taught William Latin and French and how to be a swordsmen.When William's father returned from the revolt at Turnberry Band William was 17 years old. Fighting between rival families and rival towns were heating up. Civil War was about to Break out in Scotland. Brawling and riots inside towns turned into full scale battles, Where in the Battle of Loudoun Hill William's father was involved and killed. William Stayed with his mother For two years until he met Murron Braidfoot and married her in the year 1272. There are many tales on how William Wallace became and outlaw after his marrige, one such is that one day Wil liam was fishing at a near by lake when a group of english soilders approached him and demanded william give them the fish he had caught. William trying to get food for himself and his wife said they could only take half. The soilders enraged lunged at William. But William fought off and killed both of the guards, forever becoming an outlaw. In The month of may 1272 A group of english soilders under the command of The English Sheriff of Lanark, William de Hazelrig ordered the death of William's wife. It seems that William had already started his revolt against England when his wife was murdered in an attempt to arrest Wallace. Wallace's huge act of rebellion attracted the attention of common folk and Scots nobles alike, all of whom were unwilling to bear Edward the Longshanks laws.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rebelion forces under William Wallace were scattered all over scotland but they all submerged together and met a larger more equipped english army at the Battle of Stirling. The Battle of Stirling happened a little differently

Essay on The Crucible: The Concept of Conscience :: Essay on The Crucible

The Crucible:   The Concept of Conscience Conscience is the awareness of right and wrong. In The Crucible, the idea of conscience in strongly emphasized. Miller himself said, "No critic seemed to sense what I was after [which was] the conflict between a man’s raw deeds and his conception of himself; the question of whether conscience is in fact an organic part of the human being, and what happens when it is handed over not merely to the state or the mores of the time but to one’s friend or wife." The idea of conscience in the play The Crucible is based very much on Christian concepts, firstly the idea of morality, or conscience of right and wrong, secondly the idea of the confession of sin, and finally the idea of guilt and penance for sins. Conscience, then, as an issue of morality, is defined very clearly at the start of the play. "†¦a minister is the Lord’s man in the parish; a minister is not to be so lightly crossed and contradicted" says Parris in Act One. Here it is established that theologically the minister, in this case, Parris, is supposed to be the ultimate decider of morality in Salem. The Church, in theocratic Massachusetts, defines conscience. Right and wrong is decided by authority, and the authority here is the Church. Law is based on the doctrines of the Church, and Salem is a theocracy.   "For good purposes, even high purposes, the people of Salem developed a theocracy, a combine of state and religious power whose function was to keep the community together, and to prevent any kind of disunity†¦but all organization is and must be grounded on the idea of exclusion and prohibition, just as two objects cannot occupy the same space. Evidently the time came in New England when the repressions of order were heavier than seemed warranted by the dangers against which the order was organized." So firstly Salem was a place where the conscience of the people was strictly governed by the theocracy, and socially Salem was repressive. However, at the start of the book, we see that the people of Salem have already begun to strain under this strict idea of conscience, this repression. Abigail says to John, "I look for John Proctor that took me from my sleep and put knowledge in my heart! I never knew what pretence Salem was, I never knew the lying lessons I was taught by all these Christian women and their covenanted men! And now you bid me tear the light out of my eyes?

Grover Cleveland :: essays research papers

Grover Cleveland Grover Cleveland , the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States, was born in Caldwell, New Jersey on March 18, 1837. He was the first Democratic President who served two terms that did not directly follow each other. He also was the first President who was elected after the Civil War. Grover Cleveland was born the son of a country minister whose name was Richard Falley Cleveland. His mothers name was Ann Neal Cleveland, the daughter of a publisher. Grover Cleveland was the fifth child in a family of four brothers and five sisters. Grover Cleveland's family let a hard life, having little money and moving around alot. After Grover Cleveland's father died, he had to help support the family of nine on his wages as a clerk. He earned only $4.00 a week! He was unable to go to law school like he wanted to do, so he studied by himself and became an attorney in l859. Grover Cleveland became interested in politics and held several small offices, including sheriff. He became Mayor of Buffalo, New York, in 1881 and attacked corruption and dishonesty in govwenment. He then became Governor in 1882 and was a huge success because of his reputation for honesty. Grover Cleveland got married in 1886 to Frances Folsom. He was the first President to get married in the White House. Reporters pried into every detail of Grover Cleveland's life which he called "colossal impertinence". Grover Cleveland had five children. Esther, his second daughter, was the first and only child of a President to ever be born in the White House. In 1884, Grover Cleveland's supporters suggested that he run for President of the United States. His motto was "a public office is a public trust". He was elected as the twenty-second President from 1885 until 1889. He served for four years and then barely lost the next election to Benjamin Harrison, even though he had the majority of the popular vote. In 1892, he was persuaded to seek office again and he returned to Washington as the twenty- fourth President in 1893 for four more years. This President, called "Uncle Jumbo" by his relatives, was a hard- working President. He liked to do much of the work himself instead of assigning tasks to other people. Mr. Cleveland often stayed up until 2 or 3 a.m. going over official business, and sometimes answered the White House Telephone himself. Grover Cleveland worked hard at reducing taxes on products that came into the United States, he refused easy money to farmers so that they could reduce their debt, and he refused bigger pensions to Veterans.

Introduction to Modernism in an Architectural Context

Introduction to ModernismModernism Architecture is a manner of architecture that emerged around the clip of the Second World War in many western states. The roots of Modernists can be traced back to a Russian designer by the name of Berthold Lubetkind ( 1901-1990 ) and his architecture pattern TECTON. Specifying Modernism, nevertheless, may look as an unlikely undertaking. This is because as a manner, it lacks clear boundaries and is by and large less coherent. Besides that, it besides incorporates a big assortment of gustatory sensations, design manners and esthesias. Due to this fact, many critics would reason that modernism is non a remarkable manner and many interior decorators say that they follow no â€Å"style† . A clear illustration of this is Frank Lloyd Wright. The celebrated designer objected to be placed in the same group as modernist. However, without him, modernist architecture would ne'er hold been the same.Features of modernismThe first and most obvious of mode rnism architecture’s features is that the design of the edifice is inspired by map. â€Å"Form follows Function† was said by Frank Lloyd Wright’s wise man, Louis Sullivan. Sullivan expressed that in his sentiment, functionalism was the riddance of decorations so the edifice could show its functionality and this functionality would order the signifier of the edifice. Besides that, Modernism architecture promoted simpleness in design or as the expression goes, â€Å"Less is more† . This phrase was coined by the German-american designer Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. As we can infer from the stating, modern architecture typically enjoys clutter-free designs and is missing of unneeded elements. Parameters of the design are determined early in the design stage and merely needed characteristics are included into the edifice. This causes the focal point to switch from the decor or inside informations of the edifice to the infinite itself. Buildings, particularly places, will be clean, functional, and simple. The following feature we notice when analyzing modernism architecture that instead than hiding the nature of their edifices, modernists prefer to expose the interior workings and the true nature of their designs. Alternatively of painting or covering up, the stuffs of the edifice is exposed and bare. Nothing is hidden or modified. This includes structural elements like columns and beams are shown. This gives birth to the impression of â€Å"Truth† in a place where all stuffs and elements are exposed. On that topic, Modernists besides prefer adult male made stuffs. For illustration, concrete, steel, and glass. Another thing that can be said about modernism is that interior decorators that pattern modernism love lines. This can be seen rather obviously in modern designs where one can easy happen strong, bold, additive elements every bit good as perpendicular and horizontal characteristics. When planing as infinite, modern designers will to the full use the columns, beams, Windowss, floors and etc. to farther heighten the creative activity of a additive infinite. It is rare to see curving, organic lines in modernism though non impossible. . Besides, as a mark of rejection of historic precedency, it is highly rare to see a modern house with a triangular or pitched roof. Modern designers prefer to force the envelope with horizontal, bold, level roofs. For illustration, edifices can hold multiple roof degrees at different highs. This provides the edifice with a alone silhouette and adds complexity/sophistication to the design. An mixture of lines, domed ceilings, overhangs and unusual additive elements are all arms in a modern architect’s armory to make a more alone statement. This leads to the rule that the edifice is more than merely a construction but an artistic and sculptural statement. â€Å"Architecture is frozen music† –Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. In add-on to the points above, another characteristic that we have in modernism architecture is the presence of an copiousness of natural visible radiation from Windowss. Modern places frequently feature floor to ceiling Windowss, window walls and skiding doors. Occasionally, clearstory Windowss are besides seen in modernist design. These are Windowss that are located high in the walls to let visible radiation to come in while continuing privateness Next, attending should be paid to the agreement of the interior walls of modernism edifices. Modern designers are post-and-beam designers. They prefer utilizing indirect division of infinites like sunken or raised countries as opposed to walls. Even in the state of affairs where walls are built, they are likely to be non-loading walls and function to merely split the infinites. Either that or they will be â€Å"pony† walls. These are walls that don’t make the ceiling therefore leting the suites to portion airing and visible radiation. Because of this, modern edifices tend to hold more unfastened programs when compared to programs from other manners. The concluding features that we shall analyze is the revamping of out-of-door infinites by modernists. Modernism blurs the boundary between interior and exterior infinites with big Windowss. Besides that, multiple suites can open onto a terrace or an atrium to widen square footage. Besides, modernists attempt to integrate the topography of the land into their designs ( Internet Explorer. Fallingwater ) . This is similar to Frank Lloyd Wright’s belief that a edifice should be â€Å"one with the land† and non merely applied on top of it.Celebrated designers in modernismIn this portion, we shall present a few of the more celebrated designers of the modernism manner and some of their plants.Frank lloyd WrightName: Frank Lloyd Wright Born: 08-06-1867 Location: Wisconsin, USA Education: University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1886 Frank Lloyd Wright ( bornFrank Lincoln Wright, June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959 ) was an American designer, interior interior decorator, author, and pedagogue, who designed more than 1,000 constructions and completed 532. Wright believed in planing constructions that were in harmoniousness with humanity and its environment, a doctrine he calledorganic architecture. This doctrine was best exemplified by Fallingwater ( 1935 ) , which has been called â€Å" the best all-time work of American architecture † Selected Plants: Fallingwater, Pennsylvania, 1935 FallingwaterorKaufmann Residenceis a house designed by architectFrank Lloyd Wrightin 1935 in ruralsouthwestern Pennsylvania, 43 stat mis ( 69km ) sou'-east ofPittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The place was built partially over a waterfall onBear Runin the Mill Run subdivision ofStewart Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in theLaurel Highlandsof theAllegheny Mountains.paradoxical sleep koolhaasName: Remment Lucas â€Å"Rem† Koolhaas Born: 17-11-1944 Location: Rotterdam, Netherlands Education: Architecture Association London, 1972 Rem Koolhaas is a Dutch designer, architectural theoretician, urbanist and professor. Selected Plants: Netherlands Dance Theater, the Hague, 1988 The Netherlands dance Theater was completed in 1987 and was originally conceived in 1980. It is a Dutch Contemporary Dance Company. Nexus Housing, Fukuoka Japan, 1991 This undertaking is a sum of 24 houses in the kasha District of Fukuoka, each three narratives high. Each house has a private perpendicular courtyard that allow visible radiation and extra infinite.Im PeiName: Ieoh Ming Pei Born: 26-04-1917 Location: Canton, China Education: B. Arch. Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) , 1940 M. Arch. Harvard Grad School of Design, 1946 I.M. Pei is known for utilizing big, abstract signifiers and crisp, geometric designs. His glass-clad constructions seem to spring from the high tech modernist motion. Pei is popularly known for planing theRock and Roll Hall of Famein Ohio. However, Pei is more concerned with map than theory. His plants frequently incorporate traditional Chinese symbols and edifice traditions. Selected Plants: The Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Ithaca, New York, 1973 TheHerbert F. Johnson Museum of Art ( â€Å" The Johnson Museum † ) is anart museumlocated on the northwest corner of theArts Quad on the chief campus ofCornell University. The Johnson Museum has one of the finest aggregations of art in New York State and is recognized as one of the most of import university museums in the state. Dallas City Hall, Texas, 1977 Dallas City Hallis the place of Dallas municipal authorities, located at 1500 Marilla in theGovernment Districtofdowntown Dallas, Texas ( USA ) . The current edifice, the metropolis ‘s 5th metropolis hall, was completed in 1978 and replaced theDallas Municipal Building.mies van der roheName: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Born: 27-03-1886 Location: Aachen, Germany Education: Worked in the office of Bruno Paul ( Berlin ) Worked 4 old ages in the studio of Peter Behrens Believing thatless is more, Mies van der Rohe designed rational, minimalist skyscrapers that set the criterion for modernist design. Selected Plants: Farnsworth House, Plano, Illinois, 1950 It is a one-room weekend retreat in a once-rural scene, located 55 stat mis ( 89km ) sou'-west ofChicago ‘s business district on a 60-acre ( 24ha ) estate site, bordering the Fox River, South of the metropolis ofPlano, Illinois.decisionBased on the points, presented in the study above, we can pull our ain decisions on the pros and cons of Modernists architecture and how it has affected history. The Modernism Architecture manner has risen and fallen but hasn’t wholly left our society. Even till this twenty-four hours, we can still see the influence of the modernist design on our modern-day architecture. To wrap up this study, we leave you with a quotation mark from William Morris to sum up what we have learned from Modernism. â€Å"Have nil in your house that you know non to be utile or believe to be beautiful.† Thank you.

Ban Public Smoking And Save Lives

Public smoking is hazardous to health. It has already been identified by medical authorities as a major threat to public health, as a key contributor to preventable deaths anywhere in the world. It exposes non-smokers to second hand smoke (SHS), which is â€Å"a mixture of the smoke given off by the burning end of a cigarette, pipe or cigar and the smoke exhaled from the lungs of smokers† and which has proven to be almost as dangerous as the cigarette smoke directly inhaled by smokers.In fact, it is believed that a nonsmoker who is closeted in a room with several smokers for an hour inhales dangerous chemicals equivalent to that contained in ten or more sticks of cigarette. (Cooper) [cigarette 2] Reports issued by the office of the Surgeon General declared that second hand smoke (or passive smoking), was considered a contributory factor in over 50,000 deaths every year during the early 1990s. [cigarette 5] On the other hand, LawsuitSearch.com [cigarette 6]stated that since it has already been clinically proven that people exposed to secondary smoke are prone to lung cancer, heart disease, asthma, chronic bronchitis, and other related diseases, employers who force their workers to be exposed to second hand smoke are now valid respondents to lawsuits. Meanwhile, an estimate made in the United Kingdom of deaths attributable to second hand smoke in the workplace and at home for the year 2003, found out that a total 617 employees died at the workplace while 2726 people aged 20-64, and 7959 over-65 year olds died from exposure to second hand smoke at home.Fatal strokes and heart disease aggravated by passive smoking (second hand smoke) were identified as the culprits in over 3,000 of the cases. (Jamrozik) [cigarette 8] These data certainly strengthens the case against second hand smoke. Allowed freely in public places, it can really prove harmful to nonsmokers. Armed with a prevalence of clinical data gathered around the globe, countries the world over, in wha t appears to be a concerted effort to save mankind from diseases caused or aggravated by second hand smoke, have, one after another, enacted laws declaring smoking in public areas illegal.The government of the Greater Kashmir banned it as early as 2002, with the term public places encompassing public offices, educational institutions, hospital buildings, libraries, auditoriums, public conveyance including railways, and court buildings. (Tobacco. org. ) [public smoking 3] In France, Chrisafris (2006) reported that the public smoking ban which will take effect February 2007 will cover universities, railway stations, and offices, while nightclubs, cafes, restaurants and bars were told to be ready for the ban a year after.[public smoking 7] Meanwhile, the ban in Hongkong which took effect January 1, 2007, included all indoor places such as restaurants, public places, workplaces, karaoke lounges, and bars. (Washburn, 2007) [public smoking 8] Over in Canada, smoking in public places will be prohibited in Quebec effective February 1, 2007, and smoking in bars, restaurants, nightclubs and cafes will be banned starting January 1, 2008. (Greenaway, 2007) The evidence against the hazards of public smoking can no longer be ignored, and the rest of the world has already spoken: public smoking must be banned if we want a healthy citizenry.The United States should now stop patronizing the tobacco industry and enforce a total ban on all public places in the country, because people are already dying. Smokers may invoke their freedom to smoke as they wish: when, where, or in what manner. However, people have now decided that enough is enough; that individual freedom can only be exercised as far as it doesn’t curtail other people’s own freedoms. Their right to smoke, therefore, must never prejudice nonsmokers’ right to inhale smoke-free air and, therefore, add years to their lives.Given the number of deaths occurring each year in countries around the world, public smoking could even be considered an act of homicide through reckless imprudence! REFERENCES Chrisafis, A. (2006). France sets date for public smoking ban. Guardian Unlimited. (Retrieved from: http://www. guardian. co. uk/smoking/story/0,,1890866,00. html) Cooper, P. G. (2005). Hazards of Smoking. University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center. (Retrieved from: http://www. cancer. med. umich.edu/prevention/hazards_of_smoking. shtml) Greenaway, N. (2007). CanWest News Service. The Gazette. (Retrieved from: http://www. canada. com/montrealgazette/news/story. html? id=c414c2a9-9d63-4bae-9c28-a2543ac. 59025) Jamrozik, K. (2005). Estimate of deaths attributable to passive smoking among UK adults: Database analysis. BMJ. (Retrieved from: http://www. bmj. com/cgi/content/abridged/330/7495/812) LawsuitSearch. com. (2006). (Retrieved from: http://www. lawsuitsearch. com/product-liability/smoke-exposure.aspx) The Reports of the Surgeon General: Secondary Smoking, Individual Rights, and Public Space. (n. d. ). Profiles in Science. (Retrieved from: http://profiles. nlm. nih. gov/NN/Views/Exhibit/narrative/secndary. html) Tobacco. org. (2002) Public smoking banned. (Retrieved from: http://www. tobacco. org/news/89098. html) Washburn, D. (2007). Public smoking banned in HK†¦Mainland next? Shanghaiist. (Retrieved from: http://www. shanghiist. com/archives/2007/01/05/publicsmoking. php)

Immigration Reform: Impacts at the State and Federal Levels Essay

Texas has a reputation throughout history of differing views from the federal government in laws and politics pertaining to social, fiscal, and educational issues. On the whole, Texas operates as a largely conservative state. Because of this, policy-making is often right wing. With the institution of a Democratic, liberal president, the State’s dissent from the Federal government has only increased over certain issues. One hot topic of the 2012 Presidential election was immigration. With the major increase in immigration, it is no surprise that the issue was so emphasized. Between 2000 and 2011 there was a 30 percent increase in the foreign-born population. The immigrant population grew from 31.1 million to 40.04 million. (americanprogress.org) Texas has a special interest in this subject due to the fact that they have a population of over 4 million immigrants. Texas is among the top three states with foreign born individuals living within its borders, giving the state a veste d interest in the nation’s immigration policy. (Orrenius et al., 1) Historically, Texas has differentiated from the National government in regards to immigration. One example is the Supreme Court case Plyer v. Doe. In 1975, the Texas Legislature allowed public schools to deny enrollment to children who could not provide documentation that they were â€Å"legally-admitted† to the United States. In 1977, the Tyler independent school district adopted a policy that required foreign-born students who were not â€Å"legally-admitted† to pay tuition to attend. A group of students from Mexico who could not establish their â€Å"legal-admittance† filed a class action suit which challenged the policy. The Supreme Court ruled that the policy violated the Equal Protection Clause, stating, â€Å"If states provide a free public education to U.S. citizens and lawfully present foreign-born children, they cannot deny such an education to undocumented children without ‘showing that it furthers  some substantial state interest.’â₠¬  (immigrationpolicy.org) Being a right-wing state, Texas has a strong belief in state autonomy in policy making, therefore the decision in this case was not well-received by the majority of individuals in the state—despite it being the morally and legally correct decision. Texas has also long supported an increase in border security. In 2006, Gov. Rick Perry announced a plan that assigned Department of Public Safety personnel as well as other resources to the border to assist in law enforcement. He also added an additional $3.8 million in grant funding for state criminal justice planning funds to the Texas Border Sheriff’s Coalition. (Texas House of Representatives) The state’s legislative policy has been one of strict anti-immigration. In Texas’s 81st Legislative session, the issue of Voter ID arose. The Voter ID bill would require photo identification or two forms of other identification in order to vote. During the 81st session, Democrats filibustered to prevent the issue from being voted upon, it is very likely this is the only reason the bill did not pass and it likely will pass should it reappear in the 82nd session. Despite its history of harsh policies towards foreign born immigrants, two bills have been introduced into the Texas Legislature which provide some leniency toward immigrants. The first is a proposal would grant undocumented immigrants the ability to legally drive and obtain insurance if they pass a background check and a driving test. Texas Rep. Byron Cook said about the subject, â€Å"That’s much better policy than what we have right now, where we have undocumented workers that are driving without a license and without insurance, and we don’t know who they are or where they live.† (Harper) Despite the reason behind it, the policy definitely shows an unprecedented favor towards illegal aliens within Texas borders. The second bill would prohibit law enforcement from asking the immigration status of witnesses and victims of crimes. Though neither of these bills has made it to debate, they do demonstrate a shift from previous anti-immigration sentiment. In June of this year, the Senate passed immigration reform bill S.744, containing several provisions including: increased border security, a feasible path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants, creates a new category of merit-based green cards for individuals who meet certain criteria which might benefit the national interest, and mandates that all employers in the country use E-Verify—a government work-authorization  system—within five years of employment (americanprogress.org). While the provisions of this bill are largely in line with the beliefs of the Texas Legislature and policies of the state, they do bring certain issues to light. Although the idea of stricter Federal immigration policies seems to be beneficial for the states, often the federal government passes legislation and leaves the states to handle the cost. For example, from October 2011 to September 2013 Texas county jails spent $156.6 million on incarceration of undocumented immigrants. (Su, 23) Ultimately, immigration policy on both the state and federal level will continue to be a dynamic topic. While certain aspects of immigration reform will likely have major benefits for the nation such as boosts to the economy with an estimated 121,000 jobs being added yearly and an increase in the GDP over 10 years, others are fundamentally flawed. For instance, the E-Verify system is viewed by some as the first step towards a national identification system for all US citizens. This is viewed by many as an invasion of privacy. In addition to this, according to research the system misidentifies about 1% of applicants as undocumented. (Against The Current) Forcing employers to use E-Verify could also lead to a decrease in State and Federal payroll taxes because it could cause employers to move their undocumented employees â€Å"off the books† to avoid having to incur the cost of training new employees and offering more competitive wages. Although both state and federal governments have good intentions with their immigration policies, both have serious issues to consider. Solving the immigration problem will require Federal and Local governments to work hand in hand. Border security is something both sides advocate heavily, spending millions on walls, electronic equipment, and increased border patrol. The cost has not just been limited to dollars, however, as increase border security leads to an increase in casualties. Immigration reform has the potential to boost the economy as well as increase the relations between the United States and foreign countries. By continuing to advocate for a path to citizenship and work towards getting the 11 million undocumented immigrants citizenship, the government can achieve these goals. In addition, continued movement towards bipartisanism on both the state and federal levels can create an overall better, more effective nation. Works Cited: â€Å"Facts on Immigration Today.† Center for American Progess. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2013. . Orrenius, Pia M., Madeline Zavodny, and Melissa LoPalo. Pia M. Orrenius Madeline Zavodny Melissa LoPalo Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Agnes Scott College Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas DALLAS FED Immigration and the Transformation of the Texas Economy. Nov. 2013. Print. â€Å"Public Education for Immigrant Students: States Challenge Supreme Court’s Decision in Plyler v. Doe.† Immigration Policy Center. American Immigration Council, n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2013. . Texas House of Representatives. House Research Organization. The Role of States in Immigration Enforcement. Feb. 2006. Print. Harper, Karen Brooks. â€Å"Immigrant Driving Permit Bill in Legislature Raises Tough Issue for GOP.† Dallas Morning News [Dallas] 2 May 2013: Print. SU, RICK. â€Å"The States Of Immigration.† William & Mary Law Review 54.4 (2013): 1339-1407. Academic Search Complete. Web. 8 Dec. 2013. â€Å"Organizations and Leaders’ Critique of S.744.† Against The Current 28.4 (2013): 11-12. Academic Search Complete. Web. 8 Dec. 2013.

Adv Top in Enterprise Analysis Essay

1. What is the main thrust of the strategy that AOL has been pursuing? In 1999, the major problem facing the â€Å"AOL Anywhere† strategy was how high-speed, broadband technologies would impact the company’s future growth. If AOL were to remain dominant against its competitors, it, too, would have to offer broadband access. Indeed, the emergence of broadband was the motivation behind the AOL/Time Warner merger, which was announced on January 10, 2000. The merged company became a formidable presence in the Internet, media, and entertainment fields. 2. What appear to be the strengths of this strategy? Do you think AOL’s strategy is proactive or reactive, and why? One of the strengths of the strategy is that the company was able to expand into the next level of the media venues that the world was achieving. The strategy was a reactive one, AOL needed to make major changes to adapt the new technologies in the new worldly age. 3. Telecommunication capacities are doubling every six months. What are the implications of this for AOL’s strategy? What are the implications of this for IT and other functional managers in most firms today? The merger for AOL did cause some implications for the company, one was expense, AOL would have needed to hire new employees that were skilled in the new areas of the company and create a new division for the company to keep and manage the new areas. 4. Research reveals that office automation as an issue has been declining in importance for IT executives. What might this mean in terms of strategic information systems? Strategic information systems (SIS) are information systems whose unique functions or specific applications shape an organization’s competitive strategy and provide it with competitive advantage. Office automation in the IT system is not an easy accomplishment, systems are used constancy with no breaks by far more personal across a company, the process needs to be monitored and watch. 5. The six strategic thrusts we presented are not mutually exclusive. Discuss the implications of this fact. * Differentiation, Cost, Innovation, Growth, Alliance and Time these six strategies have their good and bad aspects for the company. The good points are that the strategies can help the company meet its goals; the bad points are working against the company if the goals are not meet in their set dates and times. 6. De-regulation has encouraged new entrants into the airline industry. Given the enormous advantages of competitors who own reservation systems, how can new entrants overcome barriers to entry? By sharing the technology with other companies who wanted to be in the airline business, Sable shared the technology for the reservation system. They also became the company that managed, updated and maintained new technologies for the system. 7. Discuss the role that IT managers play within a firm as it seeks to improve its competitive posture. What contributions can they make, and in what areas must they take the lead? IT manager keep their departments in the lead by including all department from IT as well as other areas from within the company. They will also attend seminars for new technologies that are coming out onto the market, I know in previous companies that the managers would attend these seminars for this very purpose, they also will upgrade their systems such as workstations every three years and major server systems every 5 – 10 years depending on its rate of use by the company. These timelines will usually keep the company in the completive edge since they will need to know what other companies are using and if they are happy with the technology. 8. What are the implications of new wireless technology such as Satellite TV, Web-enabled cell phones, and other handheld devices to the financial industry? One such implication is that new technologies are a risk for any company to take, especially early on in the development and test stages. Apple for instance knows this very well, The took a chance when they introduced the iPhone to the world. They could have had a disaster on their hands if they had not played the part correctly. 9. Discuss the importance of telecommunications to the Federal Express’ strategy. Telecommunications in the federal express industry is very important, it has allowed the industry to have the companies and the customers to work together and make the ability more efficient. Telecommunications systems enhance information flow between organizational entities, bridging the gap in space and time. 10. What is the significance of new economy e-business systems? Give some examples of the impact of telecommunications on internal business systems. Although expensive, the importance has provided the companies that use the internet for some of the services are more attractive to customers. Some of the features enabled the customers to make orders and ship their packages themselves online, this helps the company with scheduling because then they can determine a particular place and time for the customer to bring the packages to them to be processed. 11. How might firms seeking international competitive advantage rely on information technology? What strategic thrusts might they employ? Recognizing the immense importance of e-business, many firms are rapidly building infrastructures, re-engineering business practices, and developing partnerships with suppliers, distributors, and others as they adopt new technology. Case Study 2 1. Use on-line library databases to identify articles in trade publications that provide case studies of ERP implementations. These articles may provide some insight into each of these questions: a. How widespread is the use of ERP across certain industries? ERP systems help organizations deal with the supply chain, receiving, inventory management, customer order management, production planning, shipping, accounting, human resource management, and other business functions. b. What are the benefits reported from implementing ERP? Organizations have a business justification for implementing ERP systems. The business benefits of ERP include improved accessibility of information; real time access to data benefits the organization, improved cycle time for orders, decreased financial close time, and reduced operating costs, and lowered inventory levels. c. What are its limitations? One of the limitations is time, most ERP plans need years to full implement and show the true level of success. 2. Research and learn about the implementation of ERP. Use trade publications and on-line library databases (e.g., ABI Inform, ProQuest, First Search, Wilson Select Plus, available through your library) to conduct a search for articles. d. Find a success story of ERP implementation. What factors contributed to the success of this implementation? Some of successes in the case studies that I read have to do with the proper planning and the timeline goals of the business plan. e. Find a story of problems encountered with an ERP implementation. What factors contributed to the encountered obstacles? One common factor that I notice was the human obstacle, companies needed to rely on a good staff to make the company run smoothly and grow. The ERP implementation time line takes years to complete, and as long as the company has the staff it does succeed.

Different types of advertising Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Different types of advertising - Assignment Example This "Different Types of Advertising" essay outlines seven various types of ad, their functions and attributes. Institutional advertising focuses on projecting ideas, benefits, as well as, philosophies of a particular business. Fundamentally, the promotional messages aim at building a positive image, enhancing a reputation, and creating goodwill as opposed to promoting sales (Shah & D'Souza, 2009). In essence, the organizations employ institutional advertising as a marketing strategy. Notably, institutional or corporate advertising tends to create positive public relations. Non-profit advertising entails reaching customers to participate in certain programs. Non-profit organizations such as associations, foundations, museums, charities, and hospitals solicit for financial assistance and membership through this type of advertising (Moriarty, Mitchell, & Wells, 2011). Primarily, non-profit advertising entails creation of slogans and logos, as well as, development of campaigns through t he media to popularize the organizations to the public. Public service advertising targets the general population. The design of the advertisement is to educate and inform the public rather than promoting or selling products and services. It is noteworthy that the seven types of advertising differ markedly. Notably, each type of advertising seeks to attain a certain goal. Brand advertising aims at increasing consumer base and sales through creating a brand image and identity in the minds of the public.

Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Apple Inc - Essay Example As for the software products, Apple offers a complete portfolio of consumer and professional software applications which include iOS and Mac OS X for its operating system; and iCloud for its online content tool. Moreover, Apple sells and delivers digital content and application such as music and literary art through iTunes Store, App Store, iBookstore, and Mac App Store. In line with its unique offerings, Apple sells a variety of third party compatible products such as printers, storage devices, speakers, and headphones; as well as applications of software programs. In terms of customers, Apple caters to private consumers, small and medium-sized businesses, and the education sector. Demographically, Apple’s private consumers are mainly consisted of young, early adopters who are technologically-savvy and are followers of media trends, as described by David Appleyard in his online article entitled Profile of an iPhone User: Interesting Statistics about  Yourself. Being heavy u sers of the web and mobile devices, they always want to get updated with the current social happenings. Apple also caters to small and medium-sized business by providing hardware and software products that aim to simplify its business operations through easy-to-use computer products and software applications. As for the education sector, Apple is also committed to bringing the effective integration of technology into the classroom set-up to attain higher levels of student achievement. As such, Apple supports mobile learning and distribution of education materials through iTunes U. Apple’s company vision is driven by its commitment to bring the best customer experience through valuable product innovation. As such, the company’s business strategy focuses on its â€Å"unique ability to design and develop its operating systems, hardware, application software, and services to provide its customers new products and solutions with superior ease-of-use, seamless integration, and innovative design† (Apple 1). In line with this overarching goal of delivering innovative products and services, Apple invests heavily on research and development, as evidenced by its expenditures of $2.4 billion, $1.8 billion, and $1.3 billion for 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. This is grounded on Apple’s belief that in order to compete successfully, it must ensure a continual and timely flow of competitive products and services to the market. Keeping with its mission of driving innovation, Apple consistently manufactures hardware and software products that are known for its simplicity and beauty. In this light, functionality and form essentially constitute the key attributes of all its products. As highlighted in an online blog entitled 7 Strategies that You Must Learn from Apple Marketing, Apple’s success banks on turning the ordinary into something beautiful. But developing a good product and service is not enough. It must be delivered and communicat ed well to the consumers. Thus, as part of its business strategy, Apple also emphasizes on enhancing the customer experience and creating relevant marketing communications. Firstly, giving valuable customer experience relies on ensuring a smooth and unique point-of-sale service. Thus, having strategic distribution networks is important. Currently, Apple manages its own retail and online stores;

Pressure Ulcer among Geriatric Pateints in Long Term Care Research Paper

Pressure Ulcer among Geriatric Pateints in Long Term Care - Research Paper Example The attitude of a caring nurse on any condition inflicting patient has either a direct or indirect outcome on the patient. Positive attitude has been given credence of a good outcome of the patient while negative one has had bad outcomes (Maklebust, 2000, pg.292). Knowledge of the nurse on condition of the patients also has been credited to a good outcome and the two (attitude and knowledge) work hand on hand. By knowing the attitude and knowledge, the research will unravel what is the reason beneath bad outcome and almost no sustainable pressure ulcer prevention on geriatric patients. First the literature will have the worldwide view of the title then narrow down my countries view of the subject. The literature review will only be done using scholarly material and journals of many authors of the subject. Then I will contrast and compare many of the scholastic journals authors view on the subject with keen interest on areas in which the authors are in disagreement while at the same time criticizes some aspects of the methodology. In the literature review, I will highlight exemplary studies and the gaps in the research while showing how my study relates to the previous studies and the literature in wholesome. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn by bringing into light what the literature says. This because the internal validity is at the core of inference and the study and is aimed to identify the area of more research, hell in human resource allocation and provide information about the existence of condition inclusion and exclusion

Bilingual Education for Americans Research Paper

Bilingual Education for Americans - Research Paper Example In the United States, Bilingual education focuses on the learners of English. The United States Department of Education notes that a bilingual educational program is an education program for limited English proficient students (ed.gov/). It is this definition that has remained in the federal government but there are several areas where it has fallen out of favor. This is because such a definition more or less shows that the student needs or requires support in the English language for him or her to succeed academically. In almost all, if not in all the states, there is a general feeling by the groups pushing for bilingual education system that it does not help to have this idea and they also do not find a justification for such a definition. History has it that the earliest instance of bilingual education in the United States occurred with the immigrants from Poland who first permanently settled in an English speaking area of Virginia. At this time it was only the rights of the Engli sh people that were recognized. It was as a result of the need that the English had for the skills of the Poles that got similar rights to the Englishmen and managed to establish a bilingual school (Seidner, p.72). In this school, the subjects were taught in both Polish and English, and this continued in other places in one form or system or another. It expanded to Native Americas, the Dutch, the Czech, the Germans, French, Spanish and Norwegians in the century that followed. Several states developed laws to address this issue depending on the demands of the foreigners. There are groups that believe that a bilingual education should be necessary, even if temporarily so as not to discriminate against foreign-born students, or bring them up to speed. On the other hand, there those who claim that English should be the national language, and until every student is proficient in English, the fact that they have the ability to speak another language hinders their development in the Englis h language and slows down the overall process of learning in America. Although most initiatives against bilingual education have always had a majority lead when it comes to this issue, I hold the opinion that the world has become a global village. As such, I believe that a bilingual education should be mandatory for Americans, starting in Elementary school, through secondary school and even in the collegiate levels as the need may require. This position is highly based on the fact the number of immigrants whose children are at the age of attending school but speak very little or no English, are denied the benefits of being able to attend school at the appropriate age. In most cases there is usually a sort of remedial classes that they have to attend where they are taught only English before they get the opportunity to become part and parcel of the main school curriculum. In a system of Bilingual education, the necessity of such classes would not be fundamental and the children will be able to learn without any regard of the language that they speak at home or with which they grew up. This is because the curriculum would include their language too. The Advantages of Having a Bilingual Education System They hold the opinion that it does not help to keep non-English speaking children out school for them to master the English langu

A Case Study Related To Risk & Value Management

A Related To Risk & Value Management - Case Study Example The major risks of the company may arise to decrease in sales of plastic products, reduction in per unit price of plastic products, difficulty in coping up with the competition in the market, economic scenario, regulation and intervention of authorities, political intervention, social climate, competitive technology, environmental surroundings and legal issues. Let us consider each of these categories of risk separately for AutoPlast Ltd (Jones, 2010, p.19). Considering the present scenario of chemical leakage from the storage plant of AutoPlast Ltd. and contamination of water of River Cruze and subsequent outbreak of fire leading to the health problem of the surrounding housing estates, village and fish market, there is a dominant upheaval from the local community against the operation of AutoPlast Ltd. It is evident that there would be political intervention due to mismatch and fulfilment of interest of the political parties leading to several agitations and discussion between the management of AutoPlast Ltd. and the political entities. Political intervention would lead to demand of hefty compensations for the health-affected people and any disagreement on mutual points would lead to unplanned expenditures of the company that is likely to affect the profit margin of AutoPlast Ltd (Coleman, 1988, p.11). Economic Although AutoPlast Ltd. is considered to be a major player in the local economy employing several local people surrounding the river Cruze, the present scenario of fire outbreak due to the operations of the company leading to respiratory and health issues of local mass would generate a sense of disloyalty and hatred towards the brand of AutoPlast Ltd. and hence they would have a tendency to reject its products leading to the fall in production and price of AutoPlast Ltd. Thus, the economic risk of AutoPlast Ltd. in the present scenario needs to deal with in a strategic manner by the management of the company (Shapiro and  Glicksman, 2004, p.106). Soc ial Considering the present scenario of AutoPlast Ltd., the society has shown some tolerance to the company as it employs a majority of the workers in the local community. But considering the extent of damage in terms of life and death and the psychological impact on the society due to presence of stimulants, the extent of risk that AutoPlast Ltd. is going to bear in terms of goodwill and subsequent volume and value of sales is considerable. Technological Considering the present scenario, AutoPlast Ltd. would run the risk of devaluation and distrust of the technologies used in its industrial operation and process of manufacturing plastic products. The company would need to reconsider its cost on research and development of the technologies used. The up-gradation of technologies would need to be looked upon by the management so that there is no further chemical leakage from its storage during operation. The decisions of the management would ensure that AutoPlast Ltd. adheres to its c orporate social responsibility. Legal Due to the present scena

Employee Monitoring at work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employee Monitoring at work - Essay Example Video Surveillance. Employers use video surveillance to monitor their employees' behaviors. Some cameras are placed in open and noticeable areas, while others may be installed secretly so employees do not know they are present. Electronic Mail (e-mail) and Voice Mail Monitoring. Many employers monitor employees' e-mail and voice mail. E-mail provides options to employers to ask for "Receipt Request," "Priority Category" to see when employees use email, whether employees received the message, etc. Employers use many kinds of employee monitoring systems. They include electronic monitoring, computer monitoring, video surveillance, teams of investigators posing as friends, undercover operatives, spying, eavesdropping/wiretapping, electronic mail and voice mail monitoring, and active badge. The advantages to employees is objectivity, consistency, and accuracy in performance appraisal, feedback on work performance with the aim of improving work methods, and geographical and time flexibility by facilitating telecommunication and To the employees, the disadvantages are privacy invasion, discouragement of high quality work with the emphasis on speed and other quantitative measurements, and work stress resulting in health issues. To the emplo

Cumulative paper based off e-book provided Essay

Cumulative paper based off e-book provided - Essay Example My expectations were fulfilled when I read the chapter thoroughly as all core issues about crime and crime control were there in the chapter in detail. After reading the chapter, I learned the types of crimes occurring in the United States of America, as well as the some of the basic laws and official policies regarding crime control. The thing I liked the most in the chapter were the tables of statistics showing the types of crimes and number of victimizations for year some particular years. I also liked the tables showing changes in the rate of crimes from one year to another. However, I would have liked this chapter to provide a detailed knowledge of the ways to control the rate of crimes. Chapter 2: The second chapter of the book builds upon the knowledge shared in the first chapter of the book. This chapter includes a discussion on various perspectives of crime control and crime control strategies. These perspectives provide a clear knowledge of the significance of crime control for establishing peace. The chapter also includes a detailed discussion on the causes and consequences of crimes, as well as draws attention towards the limitations of retribution incapacitation and incapacitation of retribution. The chapter also includes a discussion on the basic goals and objectives of crime control and crime control strategies, such as, retribution, rehabilitation, incapacitation and deterrence. I thought of this chapter as if it would be having details about the perspectives of critics and supporters about different types of sentencing or crime control strategies. I did not have an idea that the chapter would also include a discussion about the causes and consequences of crimes. When I read the chapter thoroughly, my expectations were partially fulfilled as some of the issues that I had in my mind were discussed, such as, perspectives of crimes and crime control strategies, whereas the chapter did not highlight the perspectives of critics and supporters regardi ng appropriateness of sentencing models. After reading the chapter, I learned about the causes and consequences of crimes, as well as about the limitations of adopting different crime control strategies, such as, rehabilitation, incapacitation, and deterrence. The thing I liked in the chapter were the way causes of crimes in a society and their impact on the minds of people and overall society were described. However, I would have liked this chapter to highlight different types of sentencing models and the views of critics on them from different angles. Chapter 3: The third chapter of the book covers the theory of traditional policing and underlying concepts. It discussed whether the strategy of hiring more cops plays a significant role in reducing the number of crimes or not. The chapter also includes a discussion on different approaches that can be used to increase the effectiveness of police, such as, freeing up the resources, continuing with random or reactive policing, private security mechanisms, private policing, use of detectives, and other traditional approaches to policing. I thought of this chapter as if it would be having details about the theory of traditional policing, as well as about the effectiveness of traditional policing in controlling the crime rate in the United States of America. I also thought that the chapter would bring into light the limitations that traditional polic

The Impact of Globalization on Immigration Essay Example for Free

The Impact of Globalization on Immigration Essay Globalization could be the outcome of human interaction that came into existence because of the introduction or the prevalence of advanced transportation, means of communication, and recently information technology that facilitates political, economic, as well social coming together. Among the best definitions of globalization, looking at how the International Monetary Fund (IMF) perceives it might give a clear idea what it stands for. According to IMF Globalization is â€Å"the growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through increasing volume and variety of cross-border transactions in goods and services, free international capital flows, and more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology. Another source that has a different take on globalization, the International Forum on Globalization defines it as â€Å"the present worldwide drive toward a globalized economic system dominated by supranational corporate trade and banking institutions that are not accountable to democratic processes or national governments. † What is interesting to note here is globalization per se does not have anything to do directly either with immigration or the movement of labor across borders. . Globalization had reached its epoch in the 19th century when there was interaction between European powers, the global European colonies, and lately the U. S. After the Second World War, the advancing of technology had enhanced it. It only takes to go back in history and visit some of the old civilizations such the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty of China the Silk Road had facilitated its commercial activity globally. It is also possible to look at the earlier Muslim traders and explorers that had created a global commercial interaction. The Mongol Empire had also contributed to globalization by making its presence felt in all the areas it was conquering and putting under its control. In recent years, especially after World War Two those who were in charge that include big businesses, politicians, and economists surmise that protectionism was costly and wanted to do something about it. The coming together of such minds helped the coming into the picture of the Breton Woods Conference and in its turn, it was able to usher in establishments that started to operate internationally and received global recognition such as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and the World Trade Organization. This was the outcome of nations agreeing to come up with international trade organizations that will regulate global trade among member nations that have agreed to reduce tariff, as well as to open their market for each other. That was the time when the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) came forward. Its aim was bringing down tariff and trade barriers among member nations, by eliminating or mitigating restrictions on the quantity of imports and subsidies given for home producers, as well to make arrangements with member nations as it is needed, to facilitate the flow of goods and capital across borders (MacGillivray, 2006). Overall, globalization focuses on trade more than the pattern of labor movement, whether it triggers migration or not, and its priority always had been the movement of goods and capital and especially how direct foreign investment could be introduced into a given country and what form it will take. It was also working how to apply existing technologies and new ones and how to integrate them with what is taking place around the world so that the outcome will be beneficial for all involved, without putting anyone at a disadvantage. Eventually, the fact that globalization is not only economical but it also has effect on the social and political sphere of the participating nations was also recognized. There had been also a change in the methods used to measure globalization using the above-mentioned indices such as the size of the flow of goods and capital. The new method introduced to measure a nation’s globalization level requires looking at the flow of the economic activity, the prevalent restrictions and barriers in a given nation, in whatever form they are. The kind of information flow that is permissible, including what kind of business interaction is taking place, and the kind of cultural intermixing that is taking place are also part of the method (Kitching, 2001). What this leads to, as the latest developments attested is to a free trade zone among nations that are in a close proximity, as well as among global trading partners, in spite of their geographical proximity. Advantages cited for such arrangements include, it brings about economical prosperity to those who join hands, could enhance civil liberty, as well as it could introduce an effective resource allocation. The advantage in fact extends into lowering prices, could create more employment, and could introduce higher output, resulting in raising the standard of living of the people in the participating nations. Those who support globalization claim that this kind of laissez-faire arrangement of trade will introduce some kind of economic freedom in the long run by enhancing democratic governance and capitalism, which are at the root of the system of the advanced regions. In addition, the members of such advanced regions would benefit from a much higher material wealth that will come into existence through the process. Numerous advantages had been attained because of globalization in such a way that it had ceased to be only the removal of trade barriers and creating favorable trade conditions among the advanced nations. Developing nations especially in the Americas had been benefited after the introduction of free trade agreements such as North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) that included a developing nation such as Mexico that had seen both advantages and disadvantages because of the introduction of free trade agreement where all barriers on trades had been removed and goods and capital could flow freely among the member countries. There are also Asian countries that had come together under the Association of South Asian Nations (ASEAN) that are among the developing nations benefited from the globalization that they introduced among themselves. There are also many developed countries that are being given preferential treatment by advanced regions by giving them a preferential trade agreement where some of the tariffs could be eliminated or could be reduced allowing these developing nation a better access to the markets of the advanced nations. Such measures alone have brought about changes where they have introduced many improvements. Among the improvements that were brought about through better trade arrangements that enabled the developing nations to export more of their products with minimum tariff or without any tariff into the advanced markets is income inequality, for the obvious reason where now commodities could not only command a better price but there is market for them outside of the usually depressed home market. When the standard of living of people in a given region is improving it is obvious that aspects such as life expectancy and infant mortality could be improved and that is exactly what had happened in most of the developing nations that were taking advantage of the liberalizing and globalizing of trade. Other areas such as democracy, universal suffrage, feminism, literacy, child labor, the use of electricity and other electronic gadgets had gotten a substantial boost because the dwellers of these regions are getting a boost from the economic activity created by globalization. Globalization also has other advantages especially with its latest version where new introductions had surpassed the stage of opening once border for trading partners without any barrier had. Big corporations from the advanced regions had their eyes on the cheap labor of the developing countries for a long time and had started outsourcing work by opening businesses there. That in fact had been the major breakthrough of globalization where an unprecedented level of employments had come into existence in the developing regions even if what they pay is miniscule when compared with what they are paying in their own country of origin or if they have to open business in other much advanced regions. The outsourcing itself had created enough problems in the nations where the jobs are migrating from by taking away good paying jobs abroad. The unionized and highly militant local workers who are demanding higher share of what the businesses are generating remain behind stranded and without equivalent job opportunity, the main reason why many businesses started outsourcing their work to locations where the labor is cheap. Those nations that are allowing these multinationals to open businesses, of course, are creating employment at a very high scale that could transform a given developing region into a high earning workforce. However, not all of these economic activities are without their disadvantages. Some are claiming that such huge economic activities have raised the poverty level, introduced inequality, injustice, and have eroded some traditions in the regions where they are taking place (Colombia University). It is very difficult to substantiate such claims even if it had been obvious that those who are in the countries of origin of the outsourced countries had been at a disadvantage to the point where the only sector that offered them job opportunity was low paying service jobs. Nevertheless, in the countries these jobs are relocating they are a source of new income that was not in existence and a windfall the involved nations cannot bring into existence by their own. The fact that any economic activity will introduce new changes is undeniable and it is possible to look at a handful of new changes that would occur. Other than that, many nations have taken advantage of globalization and have changed their economic and social status permanently while others are struggling to repeat the same feat. Therefore, overall, the recent development in globalization, even if it had availed an unprecedented advantage to those who have the money and the resources and of course, put those who are losing their lucrative well-paying jobs to regions where labor is cheap at a disadvantage, it had been found more beneficial (UOC). Immigration Immigration on the other hand is when people leave the country they were born in and change location outside of their country of origin to live and work, mostly long term. There are various reasons why people choose to immigrate and one of them is economical, although it does not have a direct correlation with globalization. Statistics has it that one-third or close to 190 million people around the world were immigrants in the year 2005. What contributes to immigration could fall into two main categories. The first category is â€Å"pull†, which means there has to be something, somewhere that attracts people and the major catalyst in the pull category is economics where people would like to immigrate somewhere they believe they will get a better chance of finding work. The pull reason cannot be limited to economic reasons even if for the majority of immigrants their main attraction is job opportunity and leading a better life than they have at home, for both themselves and their family members. The â€Å"push† aspect of immigration on the other hand is that there could be certain aspect that would force people to leave the place of their birth to find a new home that will offer them better than what they have at home in a form of employment, business opportunity, finding good health care for themselves as well as their family, good education for themselves and their families and at the same time to get away from political or religious problems at home whey they could have been persecuted. These are the major reasons that are the cause of immigration, as there are minor reasons where immigrants might want to be with their families abroad and the like. Not every country or geographical location is fit for immigration and the best location for immigrants for hundreds of years had been the Americas that did not relent since the discovery of huge landmass in the Americas. Most probably that would be the highest wave of immigration recorded in history, as many people were able to find their way to these regions unobstructed and often the European powers were facilitating their going to these regions every since they had discovered and started controlling these regions. The same is applicable today as the U. S. alone is receiving around one million immigrants on a yearly basis. The only difference is the origin of the immigrants is not only Europe as it used to be when the nations in the Americas started to be established. Currently, immigrants could originate from anywhere in the world. Even if the improved law whose pattern and requirement is constantly changing, still the borders of the U. S. and Canada are open and Canada at least allows up to 200,000 immigrants yearly that could originate from anywhere in the globe and some of them could be investors or entrepreneurs with capital. Mexico, China, India, and Philippines had been the leading countries where the new immigrants are originating from (Asia Pacific). Largely in the U. S. , there are those labeled as illegal immigrants that are in the country mostly to work illegally. Their main source of their origin is South and Central America although the majority of them could be from Mexico where the estimated number of illegal immigrants could reach one and half million. Without accounting for this group, the U. S. population had swollen by 2. 8 million people just between 2004 and 2005 revealing the influx has become worrisome to the U. S. administration that is coming up with various mechanisms to at least curb the number of illegal immigrants from countries such as Mexico. Just to reveal the effect of the influx in one of the western states of the U. S. California, the non-Hispanic whites who were at 80% in the 1970s now had come down to 43% in 2006.